Filtering Search Results

Once you have decided upon a search engine, and discovered how to accurately specify your query, how can you filter those thousands (or even millions) of results? It's important to develop an idea of which results are worth pursuing further.

Often, the search will produce many results which are unrelated to your subject, though they may include the actual terms you specified (be particularly careful with words having multiple meanings). If the search results give you some context (i.e. a portion of the web page containing the search terms), then use that to determine which pages are relevant. You can often also disregard pages because they link to other pages in sites that you've previously checked, and, depending on the subject of your search, pages that present purely personal information. Be careful here, though, because a personal page could just have a set of links that save you hours of searching (see hubs and authorities, below).

[Tip] Learn the Search Engine's Advanced Features

Most search engines allow some form of boolean search, where you can use AND and OR to filter the results more accurately. Many have other devices to select mandatory, negative or phrasal search terms. So, in Google for example:

+term

indicates a mandatory term (must be present in search results)

-term

indicates a negated term (will not be present in search results)

~term

search on synonyms of the term

"Harry Potter"

search on a specific, case-sensitive phrase

site:www.ex.ac.uk

search only within a specific site

cache:term

search the Google cache — useful for retrieving pages that have recently disappeared or moved

We can combine these There are many more advanced search terms in Google, and many search engines have similar mechanisms.